Abstract
Development of rechargeable Zn-metal batteries is limited by side reactions, dendrite growth, and low ion-diffusion kinetics on Zn-anodes. Herein, alkali-metal adatom-modified amorphous carbon cluster passivation films (CCF-Ms) were formed on Zn-anodes by radiofrequency plasma thermal evaporation and alkali-metal hydroxide treatment. Plasma energy and alkali-metal hydroxide adatoms develop p-type semiconducting property and chemical durability of the carbon film by inducing dangling bonds and O-containing functional groups, to form Schottky contact between CCF-M and Zn metal with significant Schottky barrier (ΦSB) and built-in voltage (Vbi). CCF-M, ΦSB, and Vbi effectively enhanced the corrosion resistance, dendrite suppression, and Zn2+-transport kinetics of the Zn-anode, respectively. Specifically, Zn2+ was guided to deposit rapidly and uniformly below CCF-M without dendrites and side reactions during over 5000 and 1302 cycles in symmetric cell at 1.0 and 10 mA cm−2, respectively, with a capacity retention of ∼83% after 5000 cycles at 1.0 A g−1V2O5 in Zn|V2O5 full cell.
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