Abstract
BackgroundAlisol A 24-acetate (AA-24-a), one of the main active triterpenes isolated from the well-known medicinal plant Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juz., exhibits multiple biological activities including hypolipidemic activity. However, its effect on lipid metabolism in adipocytes remains unclear. The present study aimed to clarify the effect of AA-24-a on adipocyte lipolysis and to determine its potential mechanism of action using 3 T3-L1 cells.MethodsWe assayed the release of glycerol into culture medium of 3 T3-L1 cells under treatment with AA-24-a. Protein and mRNA expression and phosphorylation levels of the main lipases and kinases involved in lipolysis regulation were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Specific inhibitors of protein kinase A (PKA; H89) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK; PD98059), which are key enzymes in relevant signaling pathways, were used to examine their roles in AA-24-a-stimulated lipolysis.ResultsAA-24-a significantly stimulated neutral lipolysis in fully differentiated adipocytes. To determine the underlying mechanism, we assessed the changes in mRNA and protein levels of key lipolysis-related genes in the presence or absence of H89 and PD98059. Both inhibitors reduced AA-24-a-induced lipolysis. Moreover, pretreatment with H89 attenuated AA-24-a-induced phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase at Ser660, while pretreatment with PD98059 attenuated AA-24-a-induced downregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ and perilipin A.ConclusionsOur results indicate that AA-24-a promoted neutral lipolysis in 3 T3-L1 adipocytes by activating PKA-mediated phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase and ERK- mediated downregulation of expression of perilipin A.
Highlights
Alisol A 24-acetate (AA-24-a), one of the main active triterpenes isolated from the well-known medicinal plant Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juz., exhibits multiple biological activities including hypolipidemic activity
AA 24-a stimulates basal lipolysis in 3 T3-L1 adipocytes The potential cytotoxicity of AA-24-a toward fully differentiated 3 T3-L1 adipocytes was evaluated by the Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay
To determine whether AA-24-a possesses lipolytic activity, the amount of glycerol released into the culture medium was measured as an index of lipolysis
Summary
Alisol A 24-acetate (AA-24-a), one of the main active triterpenes isolated from the well-known medicinal plant Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juz., exhibits multiple biological activities including hypolipidemic activity. Its effect on lipid metabolism in adipocytes remains unclear. Obesity is caused by an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure, leading to an abnormal increase in body fat [2]. Adipose tissue is the major repository of energy, which is stored in the form of triglycerides that are deposited in lipid. Lou et al BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2021) 21:128 maintaining energy homeostasis, and dysregulation of lipolysis can lead to metabolic abnormalities. Reduced lipolysis contributes to obesity through the accumulation of triglycerides in adipose tissue [6, 7]. Excessive lipolysis can increase circulating FA levels and ectopic triglyceride storage, which are associated with detrimental metabolic abnormalities [7]. Strategies to increase lipolysis may contribute to the alleviation of obesity, if FA utilization increase in response to increased lipolysis [7]
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