Abstract
The actin and the tubulin cytoskeleton organization during the differentiation of the embryo-suspensor in <em>Alisma plantago-aquatica</em> was studied in comparison with the development of embryo, using immunofluorescence detection and rhodamine-phalloidin assay. At the early stage of the suspensor basal cell development (from 2- to ~10-celled embryos) microfilaments form an abundant network in the cytoplasm of the basal cell, while the microtubules form a delicate network. At the mature stage of development (from a dozen to several dozen-celled embryos), in the suspensor basal cell, the microfilaments and microtubules were localized from micropylar to chalazal pole of the cell. At the micropylar end of the basal cell a high amount of actin and tubulin material was observed. The microfilaments were mainly arranged parallel whereas numerous bundles of microtubules distributed longitudinally or transversally to the long axis of the cell. At this stage of basal cell functioning, some bundles of microtubules appeared to pass close to the nucleus surface. Microtubules were also observed distributed at the chalazal pole of the basal cell. At the senescence stage of the suspensor basal cell (&gt;100-celled embryos) the actin and tubulin filaments disorganize, some disrupted microfilaments and microtubules were observed in the cytoplasm of the basal cell. At all stages of the suspensor basal cell development in the embryo cells an extensive actin and tubulin network was observed.
Highlights
Embryogenesis is an important and complex period during the early stages of flowering plants development
We present fluorescence and immunofluorescence detection of actin and tubulin skeleton in endopolyploid suspensor basal cell in Alisma plantago-aquatica L
At the initial stage of the suspensor development in A. plantago-aquatica, microtubular skeleton forms a delicate network in the cytoplasm of the basal cell, while numerous clusters of actin material are found on the micropylar end of the cell
Summary
Embryogenesis is an important and complex period during the early stages of flowering plants development. Suspensor is a terminally differentiated, short-lasted organ that keeps the embryo inside the embryo sac [1]. Numerous studies upon cytochemistry [2,3], ultrastructure [4], and synthetic activity [5,6] confirm that suspensor is involved in the absorption, synthesis, and movement of nutrients from surrounding tissues into the embryo, thereby enabling a proper course of the embryo differentiation [7,8]. The role of suspensor in transport of nutrients to the embryo is confirmed by ultrastructure of the organ, especially development of walls typical for so-called transfer cells that are specialized in short-distance, active movement of substances by plasmalemma [9,10]. A few literature data on the cytoskeleton during formation, development, and differentiation of polyploid
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