Abstract
AbstractAliphatic hydrocarbons are open‐chain compounds that may be saturated or unsaturated. The saturated compounds, known asparaffin hydrocarbonsoralkanes, include methane and its homologs having the empirical formula CnH2n+2. The unsaturated compounds fall into a number of homologous series: (1) those containing one double bond (ethylene and its homologs) and having the formula CnH2nare known asolefinsoralkenes; (2) those containing one triple bond (acetylene and its homologs) are calledacetylenesoralkynesand have the formula CnH2n−2; (3) those having two double bonds (allene, 1,3‐butadiene and 1,4‐pentadiene represent three types) arediolefinsoralkadienesand also have the formula CnH2n−2; (4) those having a large number of double or triple bonds or both double and triple bonds are named in analogous fashion asalkatrienes,alkatetraenes,alkadiynes,alkenynes, andalkadienynes.Aliphatic hydrocarbons are asphyxiants andcentral nervous system(CNS) depressants. Serious toxic effects of aliphatic hydrocarbons include asphyxia and chemical pneumonitis for many paraffins, axonal neuropathy forn‐hexane, and cancer for 1,3‐butadiene.
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