Alimentary-dependent prevalence in children of different age groups (on the example, of the industrial center of the Irkutsk region)

Abstract

Aim of the study. Analysis of the dynamics of the alimentary-dependent prevalence in children from various age groups in the industrial center. Materials and methods. The study was conducted retrospectively according to official statistical reporting. The total and primary incidence in children and adolescents in the city of Angarsk was estimated for 6 years (2013-2018). Age-specific features of the incidence in children were analyzed over 3 years (2016-2018). Relative indices of the incidence were calculated (per 1000 population of the corresponding age), characteristics of the time series: the average annual absolute increment; the rate of average annual growth (decrease); linear regression models were built using the Excel software module. Results. An analysis of the primary morbidity of alimentary-dependent pathology in children of different ages showed that its structure is characterized by a predominance of diseases of the digestive, endocrine systems, and blood. Moreover, in young children, blood diseases are most pronounced. Assessment of the dynamics of alimentary-dependent diseases in children aged 0-14 and 15-17 years revealed multidirectional trends. In children aged 0-14 and 15-17 years, the presence of pronounced trends to a decrease in the incidence of the pathology of the digestive system was revealed. The differences are that pronounced trends in the increase in the incidence are observed in children aged 0-14 years - in the frequency of obesity, in children 15-17 years old - in the frequency of endemic goiter. Discussion. The obtained values of the regression analysis allow predicting an increase in the frequency of diseases of the thyroid gland associated with iodine deficiency in children aged 0-14 years, obesity - in 15-17 year adolescents. Differences in the frequency of these nosological forms depending on the age of the children can be presumably due to changes in eating behavior, the influence of heredity, and the adaptive capabilities of the body. The incidence rates of alimentary-dependent pathology depend on the quality of medical care and the geochemical characteristics of the territory of residence. Conclusion. The study revealed the age-related characteristics of alimentary-dependent pathology and concretized the directions for improving medical and preventive activities.