Abstract
The effect of pore orientation and pore volume on the dielectric and piezoelectric properties as well as the piezocatalytic activity of lead‐free porous (Ba,Ca)(Ti,Zr)O3 (BCTZ) are investigated. The pore orientation in BCTZ is controlled using a freeze‐casting method. Two types of porous BCTZ samples, i.e., A‐BCTZ and B‐BCTZ, are prepared by cutting them in parallel and perpendicular directions, respectively, to the longitudinal pore direction. The samples with 30% porosity indicate that the permittivity of A‐BCTZ is 648, less than 1/3 of that of B‐BCTZ (2059). A‐BCTZ also exhibits the highest hydrostatic voltage coefficient (gh, 9.26 × 10−3 Vm N−1), which is approximately 1.7 times higher than B‐BCTZ and 50 times higher than the dense BCTZ sample. Photo–piezocatalytic effect is investigated by a methylene blue (MB) degradation test under UV light while applying ultrasonic wave, and the catalytic activity of the poled porous BCTZs shows much higher than the dense BCTZ by their large specific surface area. Thus, porous piezoelectric materials are promising as a semipermanently available catalyst to replace nanoparticles whose specific surface area is reduced likely by agglomeration.
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