Abstract

A parallel program is deterministic if it produces the same output on every execution with a given input, regardless of the parallel schedule chosen. Determinism makes parallel programs much easier to write, understand, debug, and maintain. Further, many parallel programs are intended to be deterministic. Therefore a deterministic programming model (i.e., one in which all programs that pass compile-time checking are guaranteed to run deterministically) is attractive. However, aliasing poses difficulties for such a model, because hidden read-write conflicts through shared memory can cause unwanted nondeterminism and even data races. This article surveys the state of the art in program annotations for controlling aliasing in a way that can support a deterministic parallel programming model. It discusses the following techniques: the Deterministic Parallel Java effect system; other effect systems, including systems based on object ownership; permission-based type systems; and annotations based on program logic.

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