Abstract
The paper deals with semiotic characteristics of comic texts construction. It is aimed at analyzing semantic, pragmatic and syntactic properties of jokes so as to find out models of comic texts comprehension. The material for the analysis comprises ca. 1000 jokes of various kinds including funny short narratives (in Russian these are named ‘anecdotes’), humorous aphorisms and demotivators as a new genre of internet communication. Semantic and pragmatic mechanisms of comic texts differ, though methodologically they make inseparable unity, according to A. Wierzbicka. Semantically, comic texts represent caricature pictures of the reality concerning objects, time and space dimension of events and positions of agents. They may be described in terms of denotative and significative incongruences. Pragmatically, such mechanisms form evaluative and argumentative divergence between usual and given states of affairs which manifest themselves as collisions of interpretation scripts. Syntactically, comic texts may be interpreted in terms of their narrative, or descriptive or argumentative correlation with corresponding non-comic texts. Two models of such texts interpretation are discussed. The first one is dictal in its essence and is based on disagreement between the planes of reality as shown in the text, whereas the second one is modal and it reflects an incongruity between reality and the view of it. The dictal model includes such techniques as repetition, juxtaposition and reversing of agents positions, the modal model can be traced in jocular periphrasis, precedent text parodies, and comic allusions. The dictal model is oriented towards semantic disagreement between various aspects of reality, the modal model concerns mostly pragmatic and syntactic aspects of a comic world view. Modern communicative practice as represented in the Internet network communities is focused on self-representation and various jokes are inherent part of this objective. The jokes are often based on incongruity between theme and rheme in the message content and disagreement between image and text in its form.
Highlights
The paper deals with semiotic characteristics of comic texts construction
Comic texts represent caricature pictures of the reality concerning objects, time and space dimension of events and positions of agents. They may be described in terms of denotative and significative incongruences. Such mechanisms form evaluative and argumentative divergence between usual and given states of affairs which manifest themselves as collisions of interpretation scripts
Comic texts may be interpreted in terms of their narrative, or descriptive or argumentative correlation with corresponding non-comic texts
Summary
Осмысление и понимание комического строится по общим закономерностям постижения реальности и предполагает выявление событий либо ситуаций, вызывающих улыбку или смех, и способов их построения. Предполагается, что существуют определенные алгоритмы построения комических текстов. — Потому, что из головы вон); 7) чистый каламбур (Первое, что поражает новичка в Нью-Йорке, это наехавший на него автомобиль); 8) юмор как сублимация протеста Несомненно, существенны, но представляется, что можно предложить классификацию комических текстов на основании иных признаков в составе единой концептуальной схемы. Что различные стороны знака не являются взаимоисключающими, это не компоненты целого, а разные аспекты его рассмотрения. В качестве материала для изучения были взяты комические тексты разных жанров на русском языке, размещенные в сети Интернет — анекдоты, смешные афоризмы и демотиваторы. На этих сайтах приводятся не только анекдоты в узком смысле слова — короткие комические нарративы, — но и смешные афоризмы, забавные истории и подобные тексты
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