Algorithms and Measuring Complex for Classification of Seismic Signal Sources, Determination of Distance and Azimuth to the Point of Excitation of Surface Waves

Abstract

Machine learning and digital signal processing methods are used in various industries, including in the analysis and classification of seismic signals from surface sources. The developed wave type analysis algorithm makes it possible to automatically identify and, accordingly, separate incoming seismic waves based on their characteristics. To distinguish the types of waves, a seismic measuring complex is used that determines the characteristics of the boundary waves of surface sources using special molecular electronic sensors of angular and linear oscillations. The results of the algorithm for processing data obtained by the method of seismic observations using spectral analysis based on the Morlet wavelet are presented. The paper also describes an algorithm for classifying signal sources, determining the distance and azimuth to the point of excitation of surface waves, considers the use of statistical characteristics and MFCC (Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients) parameters, as well as their joint application. At the same time, the following were used as statistical characteristics of the signal: variance, kurtosis coefficient, entropy and average value, and gradient boosting was chosen as a machine learning method; a machine learning method based on gradient boosting using statistical and MFCC parameters was used as a method for determining the distance to the signal source. The training was conducted on test data based on the selected special parameters of signals from sources of seismic excitation of surface waves. From a practical point of view, new methods of seismic observations and analysis of boundary waves make it possible to solve the problem of ensuring a dense arrangement of sensors in hard-to-reach places, eliminate the lack of knowledge in algorithms for processing data from seismic sensors of angular movements, classify and systematize sources, improve prediction accuracy, implement algorithms for locating and tracking sources. The aim of the work was to create algorithms for processing seismic data for classifying signal sources, determining the distance and azimuth to the point of excitation of surface waves.