Abstract
In coming decade the practical implementation of work on the decommissioning of nuclear power plants will begin. Failure to take into account the decommissioning stage for NPPs of the first generations, the presence of a radiation component in the building structures of NPP buildings and structures, the need to destroy protective barriers are the main problems in the issue of dismantling works. The destruction of barriers and the specifics of dismantling technological processes can lead to the release of radioactivity into the environment, which will lead to an increase in the radiation load on personnel and the population. Radioactive contamination of structures leads to the formation of a large volume of radioactive waste, the amount of which can be significantly reduced due to the competent separation of waste into classes, taking into account the holding time. In this study the design of the reactor building for unit 1 of the Novovoronezh NPP was considered. Based on the analysis of the data of the comprehensive engineering and radiation surveys (CERS), which was completed in 2004, a classification of buildings into three groups was proposed. Based on the results of CERS, the dependences of the total activity of the main radionuclides and the cost of maintaining the block under observation from time are presented. As a result of the performed studies, an algorithm for constructing an organizational and technological model for dismantling buildings and structures of NPP that are being decommissioned is proposed.
Highlights
The number of NPP power units stopped and finalizing their design service life is growing and the search for possible options for increasing the economic, efficient and safe component of the NPP decommissioning process is an urgent problem around the world [16]
The main problems today when performing dismantling works are: - lack of design solutions for decommissioning for first-generation NPPs; - partial or complete destruction of protective barriers during dismantling, which prevent the release of radioactivity into the environment; - the presence of radionuclides in building structures accumulated during the operation period, which, as a result of dismantling, lead to the formation of a large amount of radioactive waste and pose a potential danger to personnel, the public and the environment [9,10,11,12,13,14]
As an example, data are presented for some rooms of the reactor building after the comprehensive engineering and radiation surveys (CERS) 1 of the NVNPP unit [8, 16]
Summary
The number of NPP power units stopped and finalizing their design service life is growing and the search for possible options for increasing the economic, efficient and safe component of the NPP decommissioning process is an urgent problem around the world [16]. The main problems today when performing dismantling works are: - lack of design solutions for decommissioning for first-generation NPPs; - partial or complete destruction of protective barriers during dismantling, which prevent the release of radioactivity into the environment; - the presence of radionuclides in building structures accumulated during the operation period, which, as a result of dismantling, lead to the formation of a large amount of radioactive waste and pose a potential danger to personnel, the public and the environment [9,10,11,12,13,14]
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