Abstract
Problems of detailed studies into the epizootic process of infectious diseases of farm animals, mechanisms of interaction of pathogenic microorganisms with macroorganisms, as well as issues of health improvement and protection of animal populations from epizootically significant diseases are acute for veterinary science and practice. As a result of the studies the spectrum of pathogens in parasite cenosis on the territory of the entity of the Russian Federation was identified. The species composition of pathogens in cases of non-infectious pathology and infectious diseases in young cattle is specified. The pathogens are represented byStaphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli. K-99, pathogenic fungi Aspergillus spp.and yeast fungi Candida albicans, BHV-1 and BVDV. A database was compiled to upgrade the methodology of analyzing epizootological studies. The development and implementation of health and health-related programs has decreased the occurence of acute intestinal infections and respiratory tract infections in young cattle by more than 1.3 times. Multi-level epizootic surveillance of farm animal populations can prevent the occurrence and spread of particularly dangerous infections, eliminate managed infections, downgrade the risk of post-infectious complications and improve the economic efficiency of the livestock industry as a whole.
Highlights
The implementation in Russia of the State Program for the development of the agricultural sector and regulation of the market of agricultural products, raw materials and food for 2013-2020 has resulted in a new round of intensification of technology for the production of livestock goods
The research was performed in the Department of monitoring and predicting infectious diseases and in the Department of veterinary laboratory diagnostics with the testing laboratory of the Ural Federal Agrarian Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the framework of Direction 160 of the Program of fundamental scientific research of the state academies of sciences "Molecular biological and nanobiotechnological techniques for creating new-generation biologics, technologies and methods of their application to combat dangerous infectious, parasitic and noninfectious animal diseases (2013-2020)” and Project 8-8-9-16 of the Russian Academy of Sciences “Ecological and biological peculiarities of the epizootic process formation depending on molecular genetics and immunobiological qualities of pathogens of infectious diseases of farm animals” (2018-2019)”
Serological screening of biological material was performed (1) for acute respiratory viral infections in cattle (BHV-1, BVDV, BPIV3) - in the reaction of inhibition of hemagglutination and in the reaction of indirect hemagglutination using industrial erythrocyte diagnostics manufactured in the Russian Federation; (2) using solid-phase ELISA method using testing kits by IDEXX Laboratories, Inc, USA: “IBR gB Blocking Ab Test”; “IBR gE Ab Test”; “Chlamydiosis Total Ab Test”; “BVDV Total Ab Test”; “RSV IgG Ab Test”; “PI-3 Ab Test”; “Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) Antigen Test Kit/Serum Plus”; “Rota-Corona-K99 Antigen Test”; “Neospora caninum Ab Test”
Summary
The implementation in Russia of the State Program for the development of the agricultural sector and regulation of the market of agricultural products, raw materials and food for 2013-2020 has resulted in a new round of intensification of technology for the production of livestock goods. One of the most significant factors accounting for the economic efficiency and profitability of the livestock industry is cattle biological wellbeing. The intensification of technological processes and high concentration of livestock in a limited area result in changes in the characteristics of the microclimate and microbiota of animal housing [1, 3]. "technological stress factors" triggers breakdowns of adaptive mechanisms in the animal's body, which increases the susceptibility of animals to infectious and parasitic diseases [3, 4]. As a result of the globalization of international relations, the risk of introduction of enzootic diseases and the range of pathogenic pathogens has grown by many times [1, 2, 5]
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