Alginates as food ingredients absorb extra salt in sodium chloride-treated mice

Yukio Fujiwara,Ryoko Maeda,Hidenori Takeshita,Yoshihiro Komohara

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06551

Abstract

Many patients with impaired renal function undergoing dialysis are subject to severe dietary restrictions. Especially overdose of salt is related to crisis of their life, so their meals are basically salt-free or low salt. Therefore, their quality of life is declined due to their yearning for salty taste. In the present study, we searched new salt-adsorbing food materials in dietary fibers to develop food ingredients preventing salt-sensitive hypertension and kidney dysfunction. As a result, calcium alginate and ammonium alginate possessed sodium-binding capacity without releasing potassium which causes a problem in chronic kidney injury. Furthermore, the administration of those fibers inhibited blood NaCl concentration and induced NaCl excretion in mice model.Therefore, calcium alginate and ammonium alginate are new candidate materials as salt-adsorbing materials, thus indicating that the health foods and/or health supplements containing those fibers may be a potentially new tool for prevention of salt-sensitive hypertension and kidney dysfunction.

Highlights

Over 1.1 billion people worldwide are estimated to suffer from hypertension, which is deeply involved in the onset and progression of cerebral cardiovascular disorders (Hay et al, 2020)
Similar results were observed with potassium alginate (PAL), gellan gum (GEG), calcium alginate (CAL) and ammonium alginate (AAL), indicating that these dietary fibers have the capacity to bind to Na
Because the accumulation of potassium is a problem in chronic kidney injury, our data reveals that CAL and AAL are better dietary fibres in terms of sodium binding capacity than PAL and GEG

Summary

Introduction

Over 1.1 billion people worldwide are estimated to suffer from hypertension, which is deeply involved in the onset and progression of cerebral cardiovascular disorders (Hay et al, 2020). Renal sodium excretion failure induced by dysfunctions of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and sympathetic nervous system causes salt-sensitive hypertension. Urinary albumin excretion correlates with urinary sodium excretion according to the results of 7,850 people in the Netherlands. These correlations are accepted even if they are corrected by sex, age, blood pressure, BMI, kidney function, blood glucose level, and smoking habits. This correlation is more strongly recognized being due to BMI increases (Verhave et al, 2004). Cerebral cardiovascular events after 10–15 years decreased by approximately 30% due to salt restriction for 18 months (Cook et al, 2007)

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Conclusion