Abstract
Abstract Liquid core capsules have been widely used in various biotechnological applications. The capsules could be formed by the simple extrusion dripping method. However, the method requires strict control of several process variables in order to form spherical capsules. The aim of this study was to systematically investigate the influence of process variables of the method on the capsule size and shape. The results showed that the capsules diameter was decreased when the concentration of alginate solution was increased. The capsule diameter was increased when the gelation time and dripping tip diameter were increased. The membrane thickness of the capsules was significantly increased by the concentration of calcium chloride, gelation time and dripping tip diameter. However, the concentration of alginate gave the opposite trend on the membrane thickness of the capsules. As a recommendation, uniform and spherical alginate liquid core capsules could be formed when concentration of calcium chloride was >10 g/l, the concentration of alginate solution was >5 g/l and <20 g/l, gelation solution height in between 1.7 cm and 3.2 cm, and stirring rate of the gelation bath was in the range of 400–500 rpm.
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