Algicidal activity of the seaweed Corallina pilulifera against red tide microalgae

Abstract

Extracts of seaweeds from the coast of Korea have been tested in vitro for algicidal activity against the growth of the toxic microalga Cochlodinium polykrikoides. Blooms of C. polykrikoides and the ensuing mass mortalities of farmed fish and shellfish are an escalating and worrisome trend. Cell growth of C. polykrikoides was inhibited by the addition to the culture medium of several seaweed extracts. Inhibition of growth resulted from methanol-soluble extracts of the seaweeds Corallina pilulifera, Ulva pertusa, Ishige foliacea and Endarachne binghamiae. Growth inhibition also resulted from the water-soluble extract of C. pilulifera. Powder and dry tissue from the seaweed C. pilulifera also inhibited cell growth of C. polykrikoides. The active algicidal products of C. pilulifera showed stable activity when boiled, exposed to light, or when treated under alkaline condition. Corallina pilulifera had no regional and seasonal variations in this algicidal activity. A powder of the seaweed C. pilulifera, the most potent species, showed algicidal activity against several red tide microalgae, especially C. polykrikoides, Gymnodiniummikimotoi, G. sanguineum, Heterosigma akashiwo, Prorocentrum triestinum and Pyraminonas sp.