Abstract
In the history of Algerian nationalism, from its beginnings before the First World War down to the war of Algerian independence, 1954–62, the Second World War was a critical episode in which the demand for reform began to give way to the demand for independence. Two events stand out from the years 1940–5: firstly, the issuing of the Manifeste, a document claiming fully equal rights for the Muslim community, which was drawn up by the Muslim political leader Ferhat Abbas in 1943, and served as the basis for a Muslim front, the Amis du Manifeste et de la Liberte, created in 1944; and secondly, the communal massacres which began at Setif and Guelma on VE day, 1945, killing scores of Europeans and thousands of Muslims, a foretaste of the violence to come.
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