Algebraic extensions in nonstandard models and Hilbert's irreducibility theorem

Abstract

LetKbe an algebraic number field andIKthe ring of algebraic integers inK. *Kand *IKdenote enlargements ofKandIKrespectively. LetxЄ *K–K. In this paper, we are concerned with algebraic extensions ofK(x)within *K. For eachxЄ *K–Kand each natural numberd, YK(x,d)is defined to be the number of algebraic extensions ofK(x)of degreedwithin *K.xЄ *K–Kis called a Hilbertian element ifYK(x,d)= 0 for alldЄ N,d> 1; in other words,K(x)has no algebraic extension within *K. In their paper [2], P. C. Gilmore and A. Robinson proved that the existence of a Hilbertian element is equivalent to Hilbert's irreducibility theorem. In a previous paper [9], we gave many Hilbertian elements of nonstandard integers explicitly, for example, for any nonstandard natural numberω, 2ωPωand 2ω(ω3+ 1) are Hilbertian elements in*Q, where pωis theωth prime number.