Abstract
Reviewed by Alex Jacobson This interesting book opens with a historical overview of lingual orthodontics, its advantages and disadvantages, and the fundamental differences between lingual and labial techniques. Briefly described are 5 different apparatus positioning systems used in lingual orthodontics and 4 systems for transferring the lingual braces to the mouth. The introductory chapter concludes with a description of bonding the lingual apparatus to the patient's teeth and a discussion of some problems and solutions. The second chapter is devoted to describing the anatomy and functioning of the temporomandibular joint, methods of evaluating its functioning, interpreting the radiographic images including 3-dimensional images, the effects of incorporation of the bite plane, managing the angulations in a goniometric setup, and diagnosis and treatment plans. Emphasized is the need to resolve any temporomandibular joint problems before fitting the apparatus. “Managing wires in lingual orthodontics,” the title of chapter 3, outlines the characteristics of the alloys used in lingual orthodontics. Described and illustrated are the method of increasing interbrace distance, the technique for construction of the mushroom-shaped lingual arch, molar control, and construction of rotation bends and closing loops. Chapter 4 discusses the masticatory system and includes the semiadjustable articulator. Centrally related cephalometry, mechanical concepts in lingual orthodontics, concepts of occlusion, centric relation, and the lever system in lingual orthodontics are also discussed. Chapter 5, “The lingual orthodontic apparatus,” lists and describes some designs of lingual appliances available commercially. The control of moments of force, treatment mechanics, interproximal stripping, expansion, distalization, management of anchorage, extractions, and miscellaneous biomechanical possibilities of the lingual technique are discussed. The final chapter is devoted to the physiology of the nervous system and includes short discussions on conditional and innate reflexes, pathologies of occlusion, craniomandibular trauma, pain and analgesia, neurogenic pain, and pharmacology in lingual orthodontics. This book is suited to professionals who treat patients using lingual orthodontic procedures and those wishing to learn about this exacting technique. The text is profusely illustrated in full color; the writing is succinct and to the point.
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