Alergia al látex en pacientes con espina bífida: Prevención y tratamiento

Abstract

Latex allergy has become a health problem of growing interest due to the severe clinical manifestations it may produce. Previous reports indicate a prevalence of latex allergy in patients with spina bifida (SB) ranging between 10% and 73%. From the initial surgical repair of the myelomeningocele, children with SB are submitted to multiple surgeries due to the neurologic, orthopedic and urologic problems they may present. Consequently, these children are exposed to several latex-containing products during their multiple interventions. Several reports indicate that latex allergy in SB children is related to age, and especially to the number of operations that they are given, and perhaps to an unknown genetic predisposition. Accordingly, latex allergy manifestations can be prevented. In this connection, we have elaborated at our hospital protocols for the management of the three clinical situations in which these patients can present. These measures include: (1) To avoid using latex-containing products since the birth of children with SB. (2) In children already operated of myelomeningocele but without evidence of latex allergy, to prevent the use of latex materials during their successive admissions to hospital and during further surgeries. And (3) In children known to have developed latex allergy, to dispose of especial nursing measures and of a latex-free operating room. The preventive measures that have been started at our Hospital are easy to carry out, do not suppose a high economic cost, and are not uncomfortable for the hospital's staff.