Alendronate-Eluting Biphasic Calcium Phosphate (BCP) Scaffolds Stimulate Osteogenic Differentiation.

Sung Eun Kim,Myeong Seon Jeong,Deok-Won Lee,Hak Jun Kim,Hae-Ryong Song,Boram Lee,Eun Young Kang,Won Jae Jeong,Young-Pil Yun,Kyeongsoon Park

doi:10.1155/2015/320713

Abstract

Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) scaffolds have been widely used in orthopedic and dental fields as osteoconductive bone substitutes. However, BCP scaffolds are not satisfactory for the stimulation of osteogenic differentiation and maturation. To enhance osteogenic differentiation, we prepared alendronate- (ALN-) eluting BCP scaffolds. The coating of ALN on BCP scaffolds was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). An in vitro release study showed that release of ALN from ALN-eluting BCP scaffolds was sustained for up to 28 days. In vitro results revealed that MG-63 cells grown on ALN-eluting BCP scaffolds exhibited increased ALP activity and calcium deposition and upregulated gene expression of Runx2, ALP, OCN, and OPN compared with the BCP scaffold alone. Therefore, this study suggests that ALN-eluting BCP scaffolds have the potential to effectively stimulate osteogenic differentiation.

Highlights

Bone tissues possess the intrinsic capacity for regeneration as part of the repair process in response to injury, skeletal development, or continuous remodeling throughout adult life [1]
We aimed to investigate whether ALN/Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) scaffolds can effectively improve in vitro osteoblast activity and osteogenic differentiation and to demonstrate whether ALN/BCP scaffolds have great potential for bone regeneration
The successful loading of ALN on BCP scaffolds was confirmed with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and ATR-FTIR, which showed an increase in N content and peak intensities for hydroxyl and P=O groups of ALN on BCP scaffolds

Summary

Introduction

Bone tissues possess the intrinsic capacity for regeneration as part of the repair process in response to injury, skeletal development, or continuous remodeling throughout adult life [1]. To stimulate or augment bone regeneration of large bone defects, bone grafting such as autologous bone grafts and allografts is a commonly performed surgical procedure [4, 5]. These bone grafts have several limitations such as limited supply, harvest site morbidity, additional blood loss, and inflammatory responses [4, 5]. Bone graft substitutes have been developed as alternatives to autologous or allogenic bone grafts Such substitutes (i.e., collagen, hydroxyapatite [Hap], β-tricalcium phosphate [βTCP] calcium-phosphate cements, and glass ceramics) are synthetic or natural biomaterial scaffolds that promote the migration, proliferation, and differentiation of bone cells for bone regeneration [3, 6, 7]. The presence of porosity and a bioactive surface on BCP scaffolds facilitates cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation

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