Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer with an increasing incidence in Asia. About 20% of all breast cancers are triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs). BCSC is a subset of tumor cells that has stem cell-like characteristics, such as a high capacity for self-renewal and tumor initiation, which implies that BCSC may cause aggressiveness of TNBC. ALDH1 has a role in early stem cell differentiation through its function in the oxidation of retinol to retinoic acid, proposed to be a strong candidate for breast cancer stem cells. Various studies have shown that ALDH1 is one of the markers of CSC that can be used as a prognosis indicator because it can be a biological marker for poor prognostic factors in TNBC. This study assessed the prognostic survival rate with a retrospective cohort method in TNBC patients. A total of 54 of 55 patients treated at RSCM were tested for the expression of ALDH1 through an immunohistochemistry assay of breast cancer tissue using ALDH1 staining. Survival analysis was done to obtain the prognostic data of ALDH1. Positive ALDH1 expression was obtained at 38.89% in TNBC patients. One-year survival and three years of survival in TNBC patients with positive ALDH1 expression were 42.9% and 33.3%, respectively. In this study, ALDH1 can be used as a poor survival prognostic factor with HR 2.636 and p value 0.013. The conclusion of this study is that ALDH1 can be used as a poor prognostic factor in TNBC patients although it cannot be an independent prognostic factor.
Highlights
IntroductionE five-year survival rate of patients with a diagnosis of localized, regionally metastasized, and remotely metastasized breast cancers were 98.5%, 84.6%, and 25%, respectively [1]
Breast cancer is the most common cancer with an increasing incidence in Asia
Breast cancer stem cell is a subset of tumor cells that has a characteristic of stem cells, having a high capacity of self-renewal and tumor initiations, which imply that breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) may cause aggressiveness of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) [5]
Summary
E five-year survival rate of patients with a diagnosis of localized, regionally metastasized, and remotely metastasized breast cancers were 98.5%, 84.6%, and 25%, respectively [1]. Ere are various types of tumors in breast cancers, which possess different characteristics, clinical outcomes, and therapeutic responses. TNBC has an aggressive clinical course including high metastasis to the visceral organs and central nervous system [2]. Is tumor subtype tended to show a worse clinical course, with earlier and more frequent recurrence and worse 5-year survival, compared with non-TNBC [4]. Breast cancer stem cell is a subset of tumor cells that has a characteristic of stem cells, having a high capacity of self-renewal and tumor initiations, which imply that BCSC may cause aggressiveness of TNBC [5]
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