Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) spans a spectrum of liver pathology, including fatty liver, alcoholic steatohepatitis, and cirrhosis. Accumulating evidence suggests that dietary factors, including dietary fat, as well as alcohol, play critical roles in the pathogenesis of ALD. The protective effects of dietary saturated fat (SF) and deleterious effects of dietary unsaturated fat (USF) on alcohol-induced liver pathology are well recognized and documented in experimental animal models of ALD. Moreover, it has been demonstrated in an epidemiological study of alcoholic cirrhosis that dietary intake of SF was associated with a lower mortality rates, whereas dietary intake of USF was associated with a higher mortality. In addition, oxidized lipids (dietary and in vivo generated) may play a role in liver pathology. The understanding of how dietary fat contributes to the ALD pathogenesis will enhance our knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms of ALD development and progression, and may result in the development of novel diet-based therapeutic strategies for ALD management. This review explores the relevant scientific literature and provides a current understanding of recent advances regarding the role of dietary lipids in ALD pathogenesis.
Highlights
Alcohol-associated health problems, including alcoholic liver disease (ALD), are a major medical problem within the United States and worldwide
The present review summarizes the current knowledge and recent advances regarding the impact of dietary lipids on ALD pathogenesis, including the effects of different types of dietary fat on alcohol-mediated hepatic steatosis, injury, as well as intestinal permeability, endotoxemia, and gut microbiota changes
This study has demonstrated that hepatic stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1) expression and activity were significantly reduced, whereas the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an enzyme that can improve cell survival in liver tissue, was markedly increased in DHA-supplemented mice compared to the control animals [51]
Summary
Alcohol-associated health problems, including alcoholic liver disease (ALD), are a major medical problem within the United States and worldwide. ALD prevention and treatment strategies have been generally ineffective, in part, due to lack of knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying ALD development and progression. Accumulating evidence suggests that dietary factors, including dietary fat, along with heavy alcohol consumption, play critical roles in ALD pathogenesis. Understanding of how dietary lipids contribute to ALD pathogenesis will enhance our knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms of ALD development and progression, and may help to identify novel dietary intervention strategies for ALD prevention/treatment as well as to explain why only some people who drink heavily develop clinically-relevant ALD. The present review summarizes the current knowledge and recent advances regarding the impact of dietary lipids on ALD pathogenesis, including the effects of different types of dietary fat on alcohol-mediated hepatic steatosis, injury, as well as intestinal permeability, endotoxemia, and gut microbiota changes
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