Alcohol Modulates the Biogenesis and Composition of Microglia-Derived Exosomes.

Brennetta J Crenshaw,Sameer Joshi,Sanjay Kumar,Sparkle D Williams,Sabita N Saldanha,Courtnee’ R Bell,Rajnish Sahu,Leandra B Jones,Brian Sims,Qiana L Matthews

doi:10.3390/biology8020025

Brennetta J Crenshaw, Sameer Joshi + Show 8 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/biology8020025

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Abstract

Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that have emerged as an important tool for intercellular communication. In the central nervous system, exosomes can mediate glia and neuronal communication. Once released from the donor cell, exosomes can act as discrete vesicles and travel to distant and proximal recipient cells to alter cellular function. Microglia cells secrete exosomes due to stress stimuli of alcohol abuse. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of alcohol exposure on the biogenesis and composition of exosomes derived from microglia cell line BV-2. The BV-2 cells were cultured in exosome-free media and were either mock treated (control) or treated with 50 mM or 100 mM of alcohol for 48 and 72 h. Our results demonstrated that alcohol significantly impacted BV-2 cell morphology, viability, and protein content. Most importantly, our studies revealed that exosome biogenesis and composition was affected by alcohol treatment.

Highlights

Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that are released from the cell after the fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane [1]
In this study, we investigated the effects of alcohol exposure on the biogenesis and composition of exosomes derived from microglia cell line BV-2
Our results indicate that alcohol exposure at 48 and 72 h reduced the viability of BV-2 cells

Summary

Introduction

Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that are released from the cell after the fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane [1]. They are found in biological fluids (i.e., breast milk, semen, urine, saliva) [2,3,4,5] and secreted by most cell types (i.e., glial, neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes) [6,7,8,9]. These vesicles transport nucleic acids such as miRNA, RNA, DNA, and proteins [10]. Microglia secrete exosomes due to stress stimulated by alcohol consumption. Alcohol can cross membrane barriers and reach different parts of the body very quickly, which can lead to total body alteration

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