Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV), as the most prevalent form of violence against women, is a commonly encountered phenomenon across sub-Saharan African countries, including Angola. As a fast-growing economy, Angola is experiencing a booming alcohol industry and persistent IPV and women’s rights issues, along with weak prohibition and enforcement against this practice. However, so far, there is no systematic research investigating the predictors of IPV in Angola and whether spousal alcohol drinking has any relationship with women’s experience of IPV. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to assess the predictors of IPV (defined as physical, emotional, and sexual violence) among Angolan women with a special focus on their partners’ alcohol drinking habit. Cross-sectional data on 7669 women aged 15–49 years from the Angola Demographic and Health Survey were used for this study. Data were analyzed using descriptive and logistic regression methods. Results indicated that physical IPV (32.3%, 95% Confidence Interval = 30.3 to 34.5) was most prevalent, followed by emotional (27.3%, 95% CI = 25.3 to 29.4) and sexual IPV (7.4%, 95% CI = 6.6 to 8.4). In the multivariate analysis, higher education and household wealth status showed protective effects against certain forms of IPV. Alcohol drinking by husbands/partners was associated with significantly higher odds of experiencing physical [OR = 2.950; 95% CI = 2.632, 3.306], emotional [OR = 2.470; 95% CI = 2.187,2.789], and sexual IPV [OR = 2.729; 95% CI = 2.220, 3.354] among women. Women who reported experiencing physical IPV had increased odds of drinking alcohol [OR = 1.474; 95% CI = 1.290, 1.684] compared with those who did not. These findings reflect the widespread prevalence of IPV in sub-Saharan African countries. Special focus should be given to married men with alcohol drinking habits to reduce women’s vulnerability to IPV and dependence on alcohol use.
Highlights
Historically regarded as a familial issue, Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been gaining increasing attention from human rights, health, and social researchers, especially since the Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women by United Nations General Assembly in 1993
About one-third of the women reported experiencing any physical IPV (32.3%, 95% CI = 30.3 to 34.5), more than a quarter reported any emotional IPV (27.3%, 95% CI = 25.3 to 29.4), and less than one-tenth reported sexual IPV
More than two-third of women aged 15–49 in Angola reported experiencing some form of IPV
Summary
Historically regarded as a familial issue, IPV has been gaining increasing attention from human rights, health, and social researchers, especially since the Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women by United Nations General Assembly in 1993. Is a global phenomenon but is known to be widespread across sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where it is considered as a major public health, social, and human development challenge at large [1,2,3,4,5]. IPV, which is the most common form of VAW, affects millions of women irrespective of geography, age, sociocultural background, and sexual orientation [2,6]. There is currently no research evidence on IPV in many countries in SSA, including Angola
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