Abstract

The worldwide incidence of upper digestive tract cancer is characterized by large geographical variations and periodical changes [1]. In 2008, the yearly worldwide incidence of new digestive tract cancers was over three million representing 25.1 % of all cancers [2]. Stomach cancer alone is still the leading cause of cancer deaths in the world [2]. With such a poor prognosis, it is essential to explore all possible means of prevention by identifying specific etiological factors, possible risk groups, and mechanisms of carcinogenesis and by intervening where possible. In industrialized countries, alcohol and tobacco are the main risk factors for oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal cancers [3–5]. Furthermore, tobacco is an independent risk factor for stomach cancer [6–8] and alcohol is a significant risk factor for colorectal cancer [9].KeywordsAcetaldehydeADHAlcoholALDH2CancerDigestive tractTobaccoMicrobesGene polymorphism

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