Abstract
Impurities enter a snowpack as a result of fallout or scavenging by falling snow crystals. Albedos and flux extinction coefficients of soot-contaminated snowcovers are studied using a two-stream approximation of the radiative transfer equation. The effect of soot is calculated by two methods: independent scattering by ice grains and impurities, and the average refractive index for ice grains. Both methods predict a qualitatively similar effect of soot; the albedo is decreased and the extinction coefficient is increased relative to that for pure snow in the visible region, while the infrared properties are largely unaffected. Quantitatively, however, the effect of soot is more pronounced in the average refractive index method. We find that soot contamination provides qualitative explanation for several snow observations.
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