Abstract
The building of a national Albanian identity began in southern Italy and Sicily. Albanian nationalism then developed in the Ottoman empire and among the diaspora groups because of diverse factors including territorial issues and new sociopolitical relations. In 1913, the independence of an Albanian state was recognized by the great powers, but the new state included only a part of the Albanian‐speaking population, the other part becoming citizens of Yugoslavia or Greece. This was the origin of an irredentism, largely favored by Italy. After World War II, the Albanian national consciousness was fostered both in Albania and in Yugoslavia, through the schooling and political systems. With the end of the socialist regimes, Albanian nationalism, fluctuating between its regional and pan‐Albanian versions, was at the heart of the creation of an independent Kosovo, political decentralization in Macedonia, and the legitimacy of power in Albania.
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