Abstract
The roles of Al2O3 nanoparticles on the removal of carbamazepine (CBZ) by Chlorella vulgaris immobilized in sodium alginate gel beads were for the first time investigated. The optimum conditions to prepare immobilized C. vulgaris beads with addition of Al2O3 nanoparticles were determined as follows: C. vulgaris density was 3.0 × 106 cells for 1 mL sodium alginate solution, Al2O3 nanoparticle concentration was 0.5 g/L, and concentrations of sodium alginate and CaCl2 were 1.6% and 1%, respectively. The results showed that the proposed algae beads achieved the highest CBZ removal rate of 89.6% after 4 days of treatment, relative to 68.84%, 48.56%, and 17.76% in sodium alginate-immobilized C. vulgaris, free microalgae, and Al2O3 nanoparticle alginate beads, respectively. The results also showed that the CBZ removal rate increased with more proposed algae beads, while decreased with increased bead diameter. The algae beads exhibited excellent CBZ removal ability even after three recycles. This work provided an economical and effective approach to remove CBZ from water.
Highlights
IntroductionGuest Editor: Peng Zhang e roles of Al2O3 nanoparticles on the removal of carbamazepine (CBZ) by Chlorella vulgaris immobilized in sodium alginate gel beads were for the first time investigated. e optimum conditions to prepare immobilized C. vulgaris beads with addition of Al2O3 nanoparticles were determined as follows: C. vulgaris density was 3.0 × 106 cells for 1 mL sodium alginate solution, Al2O3 nanoparticle concentration was 0.5 g/L, and concentrations of sodium alginate and CaCl2 were 1.6% and 1%, respectively. e results showed that the proposed algae beads achieved the highest CBZ removal rate of 89.6% after 4 days of treatment, relative to 68.84%, 48.56%, and 17.76% in sodium alginate-immobilized C. vulgaris, free microalgae, and Al2O3 nanoparticle alginate beads, respectively. e results showed that the CBZ removal rate increased with more proposed algae beads, while decreased with increased bead diameter. e algae beads exhibited excellent CBZ removal ability even after three recycles. is work provided an economical and effective approach to remove CBZ from water
Introduction e presence of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) in surface water has been well documented in recent years [1,2,3,4]
CBZ is predominantly metabolized in the liver, and 23% of the given dose would be excreted via urine in its original form [5]. e excreted CBZ was suspected to enter rivers, streams, and surface waters through the effluent of waste water treatment plants due to its low removal efficiency [6,7,8]. e accumulation of CBZ in surface wasters was found to pose a great threat for aquatic environment and human health [9,10,11]
Summary
Guest Editor: Peng Zhang e roles of Al2O3 nanoparticles on the removal of carbamazepine (CBZ) by Chlorella vulgaris immobilized in sodium alginate gel beads were for the first time investigated. e optimum conditions to prepare immobilized C. vulgaris beads with addition of Al2O3 nanoparticles were determined as follows: C. vulgaris density was 3.0 × 106 cells for 1 mL sodium alginate solution, Al2O3 nanoparticle concentration was 0.5 g/L, and concentrations of sodium alginate and CaCl2 were 1.6% and 1%, respectively. e results showed that the proposed algae beads achieved the highest CBZ removal rate of 89.6% after 4 days of treatment, relative to 68.84%, 48.56%, and 17.76% in sodium alginate-immobilized C. vulgaris, free microalgae, and Al2O3 nanoparticle alginate beads, respectively. e results showed that the CBZ removal rate increased with more proposed algae beads, while decreased with increased bead diameter. e algae beads exhibited excellent CBZ removal ability even after three recycles. is work provided an economical and effective approach to remove CBZ from water. Guest Editor: Peng Zhang e roles of Al2O3 nanoparticles on the removal of carbamazepine (CBZ) by Chlorella vulgaris immobilized in sodium alginate gel beads were for the first time investigated. E results showed that the proposed algae beads achieved the highest CBZ removal rate of 89.6% after 4 days of treatment, relative to 68.84%, 48.56%, and 17.76% in sodium alginate-immobilized C. vulgaris, free microalgae, and Al2O3 nanoparticle alginate beads, respectively. Because of the large specific surface area and perfect biocompatibility, addition of nanoparticles to a sodium alginateimmobilized microalgae system demonstrated promising advantage to promote the contact between immobilized microorganisms and pollutants [20,21,22]. Al2O3 nanoparticles were adopted as additives into sodium alginate-immobilized C. vulgaris (termed as ANFICV) for the purpose of promoting the removal of CBZ
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