Airway hyperresponsiveness to bronchoconstrictor challenge after wood smoke exposure in guinea pigs

Abstract

Prior airway exposure to wood smoke induces an increase in airway responsiveness to subsequent smoke inhalation in guinea pigs (Life Sci. 63: 1513, 1998; 66: 971, 2000). To further characterize this airway hyperreactivity, we investigated and compared the airway responsiveness to bronchoconstrictor challenge before and 30 min after sham air exposure or wood smoke exposure in anesthetized and artificially ventilated guinea pigs. Various doses of substance P (0.8–6.4 μg/kg), capsaicin (0.2–3.2 μg/kg), prostaglandin F 2α (30–3000 μg/kg), histamine (1–8 μg/kg), or acetylcholine (5–20 μg/kg) were intravenously injected at 2-min intervals in successively increasing doses to obtain the dose required to provoke a 200% increase in baseline total lung resistance (ED 200). Wood smoke exposure significantly lowered the ED 200 of substance P, capsaicin, and prostaglandin F 2α whereas sham air exposure failed to do so. Furthermore, wood smoke exposure did not significantly alter the ED 200 of histamine or acetylcholine. Pretreatment with phosphoramidon (2 mg/kg), an inhibitor of the neutral endopeptidase (the major degradation enzyme of substance P), before smoke exposure did not significantly affect the smoke-induced reduction in ED 200 of substance P. Sectioning both cervical vagi before smoke exposure did not significantly alter the smoke-induced reduction in ED 200 of capsaicin or prostaglandin F 2α. These results suggest that airway exposure to wood smoke acutely produces airway hyperresponsiveness to substance P, capsaicin, and prostaglandin F 2α, but not to histamine or acetylcholine. Since the combination of phosphoramidon and wood smoke exposure did not result in an additive potentiation of smoke-induced airway hyperresponsiveness to substance P, it is suggested that an inhibition of the degradation enzyme of substance P may contribute to this increase in airway reactivity. Furthermore, vagally-mediated bronchoconstriction does not play a vital role in enhanced airway responsiveness to capsaicin or prostaglandin F 2α.