Abstract
A digital simulation representing airplane dynamics under braking action has been developed. The basic equations of motion represent a rigid-body airplane with the forward, vertical, and pitch degrees of freedom. The landing-gear representation utilizes linear springs and dampers. Effects of engine transients, i.e., spinup and spindown, engine failure, reverse thrust, friction variation with velocity (wet runway), pitch dynamics and associated load transfer between gears, and flap-spoiler settings have been accounted for. The program is called LANRTO and is capable of computing maximum potential brake energies (100% braking efficiency) and stopping distances under landing and refused takeoff conditions for jet transport airplanes. The simulation is compatible with the certification procedures of both military (MIL-W-5013H and ASD-TR-68-56) and commercial (FAR 25, FAR 37/TSO-C26b) regulations. Good correlation has been achieved between results of this simulation and those of an analog-hardware brake control simulator.
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