Abstract
The role of the autoimmune regulator (Aire) in central immune tolerance and thymic self-representation was first described more than 20 years ago, but fascinating new insights into its biology continue to emerge, particularly in the era of advanced single-cell genomics. We briefly describe the role of human genetics in the discovery of Aire, as well as insights into its function gained from genotype-phenotype correlations and the spectrum of Aire-associated autoimmunity-including insights from patients with Aire mutations with broad and diverse implications for human health. We then highlight emerging trends in Aire biology, focusing on three topic areas. First, we discuss medullary thymic epithelial diversity and the role of Aire in thymic epithelial development. Second, we highlight recent developments regarding the molecular mechanisms of Aire and its binding partners. Finally, we describe the rapidly evolving biology of the identity and function of extrathymic Aire-expressing cells (eTACs), and a novel eTAC subset called Janus cells, as well as their potential roles in immune homeostasis. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Immunology, Volume 42 is April 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
