Abstract
The virus responsible for the pandemic that has affected 152 countries worldwide is a new strain of coronavirus (CoV), which belongs to a family of viruses widespread in many animal species, including birds, and mammals including humans. Indeed, CoVs are known in veterinary medicine affecting several species, and causing respiratory and/or enteric, systemic diseases and reproductive disease in poultry. Animal diseases caused by CoV may be considered from the following different perspectives: livestock and poultry CoVs cause mainly “population disease”; while in companion animals they are a source of mainly “individual/single subject disease”. Therefore, respiratory CoV diseases in high-density, large populations of livestock or poultry may be a suitable example for the current SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic. In this review we describe some strategies applied in veterinary medicine to control CoV and discuss if they may help to develop practical and useful strategies to control the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic.
Highlights
In this review we describe some strategies applied in veterinary medicine to control CoV and discuss if they may help to develop practical and useful strategies to control the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic
There is a consensus on the fact that human coronaviruses (HCoVs), including SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, are zoonotic pathogens that originated in wild animals
Recent reports of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 positivity in some farmed animals, with reverse spill-over of the virus, would suggest a bio-surveillance plan aimed at systematically testing workers who are involved in their farming, and hypothesizing common guidelines for epidemiological surveillance in wild, captive, companion animals in general [32]
Summary
In 2002–2004, a severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak was caused by a coronavirus (CoV) of animal origin (cave-bats) [1]; in 2012, another similar CoV was recognized as responsible for the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) in the. CoVs have been recognized as a source of several diseases in both humans and animals since the ’60s [11], and the importance of these viruses as an important source of epidemic or pandemic diseases was since [12] This feature was confirmed by the emergence of a new strain of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19), which has been identified as responsible for the current human pandemic affecting more than 150 countries worldwide in the last two years. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the receptor for SARS-CoV-2 detected in companion, domestic and wild animals, may recognize SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19, suggesting a potential interaction of viral particles with a wide range of ‘host’ cells [14,15]
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