Airborne concentrations and deposition fluxes of major and trace species at marine stations in Southern Scandinavia

Abstract

Extensive measurements of airborne concentrations and deposition fluxes of many major and trace species were performed within the framework of the BMCAPE project (Background Maritime Contribution to Atmospheric Pollution in Europe) at two Scandinavian sites (Säby in Sweden and Lista in Norway) during four seasons in 1993 and 1994. The study focused on gaseous and particulate S-, N- and CI-species. Airborne concentration levels during the different campaigns, seasons and the various air masses encountered are presented for the following gaseous and particulate species: SO 2, HCl, NO x HNO 3, NH 3, SO 4 2−, NH 4 +, NO 3 −, S, Cl, K, Ca, V, Ni, Zn, Br, Pb and condensation nuclei. In addition, particle concentrations of Ti, Fe, Cu and Mn are discussed in the text. A time series is given for particulate and gaseous Hg. Annual flux estimates for Southern Scandinavia are given for Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ph, Cl, S, non-sea-salt-sulphate-S, As, Na, K, Ca, Mg, NO 3 −N and NH 4 +N. Based on direct flux measurements to a water surface, dry deposition velocities are determined for nine elements: Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ph, Cl, S, Ca.