Abstract
The current Air Traffic Management (ATM) functional approach is changing: ‘time’ is now integrated as an additional fourth dimension on trajectories. This notion will impose on aircraft the compliance of accurately arrival times over designated checkpoints, called Time Windows (TWs). In this context, we review the operational concept of 4D-trajectories, by initially developing an analysis of basic requirements for their implementation in the Communications, Navigation and Surveillance (CNS) systems and then by investigating their management in the future ATM context. We focus on defining the relationships between 4D-trajectories and other concepts and systems of the future ATM framework, and the needs that it will require for its application, detailing the main tools, programs and ATM/CNS systems that must be deployed. We appraise how 4D-trajectories must be managed and planned (negotiation, synchronization, modification and verification processes). Then, based on the degradation of a 4D-trajectory, we define and introduce the necessary corrective measures by evaluating the degradation tolerances and conditions.
Highlights
The recent increase in air traffic demand provides a challenging operational situation for the current European Air Traffic Management (ATM) system [1]
We focus on defining the relationships between 4D-trajectories and other concepts and systems of the future ATM framework, and the needs that it will require for its application, detailing the main tools, programs and ATM/CNS systems that must be deployed
This translates into greater freedom for Airspace Users (AUs) to establish their optimal routes while considering flight as a continuous event that minimizes the number of people involved in its correct development from planning to post-operational analyses
Summary
The recent increase in air traffic demand provides a challenging operational situation for the current European Air Traffic Management (ATM) system [1]. The future ATM system relies on the Trajectory Based Operations (TBO) concept This will require aircraft to follow an assigned 4D-trajectory (time-constrained trajectory) with high precision. Real time measures, over the trajectory, will be required to improve reliability and react to unplanned conditions; thereby, maintaining expected capacity [2] This approach will require aircraft to follow an assigned 4D trajectory with high precision. The future trajectory management approach is based on a four dimensional framework, composed by the three spatial dimensions and a time constraint [11] This constrains are called Time Windows (TWs) and require the capability of developing accurate and reliable trajectory predictions [12]. Trajectory prediction, degradation, and uncertainty management are key elements in the new operation concept of air traffic
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