Abstract

The Galileo E6 band operates at a nonprimary frequency band within the L‐band. This presents challenging situations in the vicinity of other, legitimate, radiolocation services. This is the case for Air Traffic Control (ATC) radar, which is seen as an in‐band–pulsed interference by a GNSS receiver. This paper provides a detailed study of the impact of such interference, as well as localization approaches. Particularly, the paper describes the ATC jamming event captured on a GNSS permanent station, its effects on a real receiver, and how it was tracked to localize the source of interference. An ultra low‐cost array‐based solution is prototyped, based on commercial off‐the‐shelf devices, that implements a two‐element array. Experimental results are shown and discussed using real data, validating the localization performance of the prototype.

Highlights

  • The vulnerability of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) to Radio Frequency Interferences (RFI), either intentional or unintentional, is a fact widely studied in recent times.[1]

  • The present contribution extends the preliminary analysis in Arribas et al[10] and proposes a low-cost antenna array prototype made with off-the-shelf components and software-defined radio (SDR) tools, with the main goal being to gather direction of arrival (DOA) measurements of the interference source, which will be used in the DOA-based localization algorithm

  • A DOA estimation result sample is shown in Figure 23, where the GNU Radio Companion flow graph is run in post-processing for a measurement recorded in P4

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Summary

INTRODUCTION

The vulnerability of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) to Radio Frequency Interferences (RFI), either intentional or unintentional, is a fact widely studied in recent times.[1]. The same problem is likely to occur in other locations all over Europe, representing a real threat that needs to be seriously taken into account This contribution reports a real ATC radar interference and its impact on GNSS receivers. Notice that in addition to the results provided in this article, the mitigation of such interference can be implemented via a real-time pulse blanking algorithm,[9] as was done in a previous contribution by the same authors,[10] where a single antenna setup and an open source software-defined GNSS receiver[11] were considered.

ATC RADAR INTERFERENCE EVENT
IMPACT AND MITIGATION OF THE ATC RADAR INTERFERENCE IN SDR GNSS RECEIVERS
INTERFERENCE DETECTION AND DOA ESTIMATION
INTERFERENCE LOCALIZATION ALGORITHM
PROTOTYPE IMPLEMENTATION
ALGORITHM VA LIDAT ION WITH SIMULATED SIGNALS
MEASUREMENT CAMPAIGN RESULTS
CONCLUSIONS
11. GNSS-SDR

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