Abstract
This study introduces the Southern Particulate Matter Supersite in Taiwan, which began operating on April 1, 2005. The supersite has one core station and three satellite stations for monitoring the properties of particulate matter (PM) and emission sources in southern Taiwan. High-time resolution (1–30 minutes) data for physical and chemical properties of ambient PM are acquired continuously. Measurement data are as follows: (1) PM2.5 (PM with aerodynamic diameters < 2.5 μm) and PM10 (PM with aerodynamic diameters < 10 μm) mass concentrations; (2) PM2.5 compositions of sulfate, nitrate and carbon; (3) particle light scattering and absorption; (4) particle number concentrations in various size fractions between 10 nm and 20 μm; (5) related precursor gases such as NOy, H2O2, and NH3; and, (6) meteorological variables. Most measurements are unique to the study area and can be used to elucidate the causes of PM pollution and evaluate PM exposure and adverse health effects. In addition to describing the sampling location, measurements and data archiving, future challenges for the supersite are discussed as well.
Highlights
Epidemiological studies have identifiedThe annual variations of pollutant standards index (PSI)>100 in entire Taiwan and southern Taiwan 20 EntireTaiwan Southern Taiwan PSI >100 (%) 0 year 1994Taiwan, respectively, from the Taiwan Air Quality Monitoring Network (TAQMN) air stations duringPope and Dockery, 2006; Mauderly andChow, 2008)
Issues that need to be addressed in the future include: (1) loss of semi-volatile substances from the SES-TEOM, (2) efficiencies for the sulfate (RP 8400S) and nitrate (RP 8400N) monitors, (3) measurements of particle density and water, (4) organic speciation, (5) size-resolved particle composition, and (6) new receptor modeling techniques and source profiles
Further investigation of seasonal variations of particle water is necessary to explain the unresolved particulate matter (PM) mass in Taiwan, where numerous studies about PM compositions are based on filter analyses in the laboratory (Lin and Tsai, 2001; Lee and Chang, 2002; Lin, 2002; Lin and Lee 2004; Lin et al, 2005b; 2007; Fang et al, 2006; Chen et al, 1999; 2001; 2003; 2004b; Tsai and Cheng, 1999; 2004; Tsai and Kuo, 2005; Chio et al, 2004; Chang et al, 2006; Chiang et al, 2005)
Summary
From the Taiwan Air Quality Monitoring Network (TAQMN) air stations during. The PM2.5 mass, composition, and size-resolved particle number concentrations are important factors when developing effective emission control strategies and are needed when determining correlations between PM exposure and adverse health effects (National Research Council (RC), 1998; 1999; 2001; 2004). The U.S EPA constructed Particulate Matter Supersites in. 1999–2007 (U.S EPA, 1999; 2000; Solomon and Hopke, 2008) with objectives to: (1) evaluate advanced measurement methods, (2) further understand atmospheric processes, and (3) establish relationships between PM and adverse health effects (Watson et al, 2000). Over 400 studies have focused on U.S Supersites (e.g., Solomon and Hopke, 2008; Chow et al, 2008; Solomon and Sioutas, 2008; Watson et al, 2008). Several special journal issues (Brock et al, 2004; Middlebrook et al, 2004; Ondov et al, 2004; Chow et al, 2004; Stanier and Solomon, 2006; Wittig and Solomon, 2006; Geller and Solomon, 2006; Chow and Solomon, 2006; Solomon and Hopke, 2008) synthesize major findings
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