Abstract
In this study, PM10 and PM2.5 were measured in seven sites representing different activities (the same sites of EEAA monitoring stations) in addition to eighth site that used as a background. All results were higher than AQLs of EEAA, US/EPA, and EC although PM10 and PM2.5 are considered to be a direct cause of cardiovascular diseases as well as lead to death and it may be a reason for a number of chest diseases in short-term as well as long-term. Results were compared to the Air Quality Forecast system which developed by EEAA and AQI which created by US/EPA was calculated for some PM10 and PM2.5. Probable potential anthropogenic sources for such high concentrations of PM included unpaved roads, indiscriminate demolition and construction work, industrial activities, and solid wastes. This study resulted in a number of suggestions and recommendations include: 1) Implementation of integrated ISO 26000 and ISO 14001, 2) EIMP/EEAA monitoring stations need restructuring plan to cover all areas in Alexandria, 3) EIMP/EEAA must be supported with PM2.5 monitors, 4) PM control systems must be used in all industrial activities to reduce PM pollution from the source, 5) AQL of PM2.5 in the ambient environment must be reduced and it must be included in the working environment parameters, 6) Environmental law must be applied strictly, and 7) Multidisciplinary co-operation especially between environment and public health specialists must be increased.
Highlights
Results were compared to the Air Quality Forecast system which developed by EEAA and Air Quality Index (AQI) which created by US/EPA was calculated for some PM10 and PM2.5
This study resulted in a number of suggestions and recommendations include: 1) Implementation of integrated ISO 26000 and ISO 14001, 2) EIMP/EEAA monitoring stations need restructuring plan to cover all areas in Alexandria, 3) EIMP/EEAA must be supported with PM2.5 monitors, 4) Particulate MattersParticulate Matters (PM) control systems must be used in all industrial activities to reduce PM pollution from the source, 5) AQL of PM2.5 in the ambient environment must be reduced and it must be included in the working environment parameters, 6) Environmental law must be applied strictly, and 7) Multidisciplinary co-operation especially between environment and public health specialists must be increased
1) El-Nahda site recorded the highest concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 while Ghait El-Inab site recorded the lower concentration
Summary
Particulate Matters (PM) are a complex mixture of particles that can be solid, liquid or both vary in size, composition, and origin. PM2.5: particles with a diameter less than 2.5 micrometers (fine particulates) such as those found in smoke and haze, and are believed to pose the largest health risks. N/A >500.4 μg/m3 N/A 1368 N/A 1405 EL-Max. N/A 1547 El-Nahda measurements in different sites. N/A 1547 El-Nahda measurements in different sites Those sources may be natural (such as dust storms and pollens) or may be anthropogenic sources. There are 280,000 registered industrial firms and 1,837,000 registered handicraft workshops. Many industries are considered to be major sources of PM pollution such as cement, fertilizers, ceramic, chemical, and timber industries (http://www.alexandria.gov.eg (Last visit: 24/07/2015)) [14]
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