Abstract
Abstract. Topic 3 of the Model Inter-Comparison Study for Asia (MICS-Asia) Phase III examines how online coupled air quality models perform in simulating wintertime haze events in the North China Plain region and evaluates the importance of aerosol radiative feedbacks. This paper discusses the estimates of aerosol radiative forcing, aerosol feedbacks, and possible causes for the differences among the participating models. Over the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region, the ensemble mean of estimated aerosol direct radiative forcing (ADRF) at the top of atmosphere, inside the atmosphere, and at the surface are −1.1, 7.7, and −8.8 W m−2 during January 2010, respectively. Subdivisions of direct and indirect aerosol radiative forcing confirm the dominant role of direct forcing. During severe haze days (17–19 January 2010), the averaged reduction in near-surface temperature for the BTH region can reach 0.3–1.6 ∘C. The responses of wind speeds at 10 m (WS10) inferred from different models show consistent declines in eastern China. For the BTH region, aerosol–radiation feedback-induced daytime changes in PM2.5 concentrations during severe haze days range from 6.0 to 12.9 µg m−3 (<6 %). Sensitivity simulations indicate the important effect of aerosol mixing states on the estimates of ADRF and aerosol feedbacks. Besides, black carbon (BC) exhibits a large contribution to atmospheric heating and feedbacks although it accounts for a small share of mass concentration of PM2.5.
Highlights
Aerosols change weather and climate via the following pathways: they absorb and scatter solar and thermal radiation to alter the radiative balance of the earth–atmosphere system (Gao et al, 2019b; Liu et al, 2011; Jia et al, 2018), which is referred to as direct effects, and they serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and/or ice nuclei (IN) to modify cloud properties, which is referred to as indirect effects (Haywood and Boucher, 2000)
The spatial distributions of aerosol direct radiative forcing (ADRF) at the surface and inside the atmosphere inferred from multiple models are generally consistent, with the largest values in eastern and southwestern China
Topic 3 of MICS-Asia III (Gao et al, 2018a) focuses on understanding how current online coupled air quality models perform in capturing extreme aerosol pollution events in northern China and how aerosols interact with radiation and weather
Summary
Aerosols change weather and climate via the following pathways: they absorb and scatter solar and thermal radiation to alter the radiative balance of the earth–atmosphere system (Gao et al, 2019b; Liu et al, 2011; Jia et al, 2018), which is referred to as direct effects, and they serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and/or ice nuclei (IN) to modify cloud properties, which is referred to as indirect effects (Haywood and Boucher, 2000). With the rapid development of coupled meteorology and chemistry models, many new studies have been conducted to investigate the aerosol direct and indirect effects and feedbacks
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