Abstract
Air pollution causes millions of mortalities and morbidities in large cities. Different mitigation strategies are being investigated to alleviate the negative impacts of different pollutants on people. Designing proper urban forms is one of the least studied strategies. In this paper, we modelled air pollution (NO2 concentration) within four hypothetical neighbourhoods with different urban forms: single, courtyard, linear east-west, and linear north-south scenarios. We used weather and air pollution data of Manchester as one of the cities with high NO2 levels in the UK. Results show that the pollution level is highly dependent on the air temperature and wind speed. Annually, air pollution is higher in cold months (45% more) compared to summer. Likewise, the results show that during a winter day, the concentration of air pollution reduces during the warm hours. Within the four modelled scenarios, the air pollution level in the centre of the linear north-south model is the lowest. The linear building blocks in this scenario reduce the concentration of the polluted air and keep a large area within the domain cleaner than the other scenarios. Understanding the location of air pollution (sources) and the direction of prevailing wind is key to design/plan for a neighbourhood with cleaner air for pedestrians.
Highlights
According to the World Health Organization, annually, 7 million mortalities are associated with air pollution in the world [1], and 4.2 million of these are related to outdoor air pollution, which happens in large cities
This paper investigates how different urban forms could impact the level of air pollution at a local scale
Regarding the air pollution that we modelled in this paper, NO2 is not the only pollution type in cities
Summary
According to the World Health Organization, annually, 7 million mortalities are associated with air pollution in the world [1], and 4.2 million of these are related to outdoor air pollution, which happens in large cities. The most important types of air pollution in cities are nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ), particulate matter (PM), ozone (O3 ), and sulphur dioxide (SO2 ). In the UK, 28,000 to 36,000 premature deaths (annually) are related to air pollution [2]. Different types of pollutants are monitored by the Department for Environment, Food and. European directives and national objectives in the UK set limitations for the different types of pollution. There are two limitations for nitrogen dioxide [5]:
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