Air pollution and airport apron workers: A neglected occupational setting in epidemiological research.

Abstract

Airport apron workers are occupationally exposed to jet exhaust and major concern is related to the exposure to ultrafine particles (UFP) from aircrafts. To date, little attention has been given to occupational exposures to aircraft-related UFP, although aircraft engines have high emissions of ultrafine particles, which are orders of magnitude higher than residential exposure. UFP could possibly contribute to the development of cancer, heart disease, mental illness, and respiratory symptoms. In addition to particulate matter, apron workers are exposed to other polluting substances associated with vehicles, aircraft exhaust or direct fuel emissions. We performed a scoping review on occupational health hazards due to air pollution among apron workers. Only three epidemiological studies were identified: two cross-sectional studies are of limited relevance due to a small sample size and a lack of quantitative exposure data. One sizeable cohort study performed an individual exposure measurement for UFP and considered relevant confounders. However, current studies are not numerous enough to evaluate an association of occupational air pollution with potential health effects among airport workers. The results suggest that current scientific evidence on this topic is sparse. Further observational studies in this occupational work force is highly recommended. For a better understanding of adverse health effects due to air pollution and especially UFP, studies in different countries are essential, since working environments, medical monitoring of workers or safety standards might differ internationally.