Air pollution: A review and analysis using fuzzy techniques in Indian scenario

Abstract

With technological advancement taking place in almost every corner of the world, people are just enjoying the increased comfort and luxury which this development is bringing with it. But an important issue which most of the people are overlooking is that this over-rushed development is bringing along with it a necessary evil — Pollution. Pollution in any form (air, water or land) is affecting almost all the life forms on the earth so rapidly that its adverse effects are being seen more prominently with each passing day. This paper throws light on two major classifications of air pollution i.e.outdoor and indoor pollution. It discusses their impact, sources and also possible ways to reduce their growing levels. The paper focuses on the analysis of pollution data from government source and predicts its possible future level using artificial intelligent tools. Modeling and prediction of carbon monoxide(CO) level in the atmosphere is performed taking vehicular emission as the major source of outdoor pollution. Fuzzy type-1 and type-2 systems have been used to model and predict the level of carbon monoxide in 3 metropolitan cities of India namely Bangalore, Delhi and Mumbai. Also a comparative analysis between the two methods is carried out and the simulation results clearly depict the superiority of the Fuzzy type-2 model. The effect of varying the learning rate used for learning the parameters is also shown in the paper. • Detailed study of various types and sources of pollution and their disastrous impact on every aspect of all the existing life forms on the planet with an aim to build fundamental basics behind the root cause of the problem. • Modeling of carbon monoxide level in 3 metropolitan cities of India namely Bangalore, Delhi and Mumbai using fuzzy type-1 and fuzzy type-2 models taking vehicular emission as the main source of pollution. • The paper shows the superiority of fuzzy type-2 model over type-1 model through simulation results and explains the results in detail. • Prediction and validation of carbon monoxide level in the above mentioned metropolitan cities using Fuzzy type-2 model.