Abstract
Hemorrhage during trauma occurred in emergency situations is a significant challenge. It may be life threatening if it is not treated swiftly. A new device which can effectively stop bleeding to save life of injured person, especially in battlefield situations and accidents, is presented. A plasma generator is designed to generate a low temperature air plasma spray for treating wounds. The spectral spike at 777.4 nm in the emission spectrum of the plasma plume and the spatial distribution of this emission line’s spectral intensity indicate that abundant atomic oxygen is generated and sprays out of the generator by about 25 mm. Atomic oxygen carried by the plasma spray can quickly activate the cascading of coagulation processes and works as dry disinfectant to advance healing. Tests on blood droplets reveal the strong dependence of blood clotting on the amount of atomic oxygen applied in the plasma treatment, which is maneuvered by increasing the plasma treatment time or decreasing the exposure distance; in both approaches, the degree of blood clotting increases. Treated smeared blood samples show that an increase of the erythrocyte concentration and a drastic decrease of the platelet count are also correlated to the increase of atomic oxygen dose applied in the plasma treatment. The results reveal the mechanisms of air plasma blood coagulation and wound healing. As animal models, pigs were used in the tests of stopping wound bleeding from a cross cut in the ham area, from a hole in an ear’s saphenous vein, and from cuts to arteries in an ear and in a real leg, all stopped swiftly. Moreover, both artery cuts were secure to remove tourniquet; downgrade of tourniquet necessary wound in under 2 minutes was demonstrated. The healing progress of cross cut wounds was observed. The healing time was shortened to about half. This battery power plasma spray can be carried to or placed at anywhere available for first aid applications. It stops bleeding swiftly to save life, and also downgrades tourniquet necessary wound to extend the golden period of saving the remaining part below tourniquet.
Highlights
Bleeding, even from an external hemorrhage, may be life threatening if it is not treated swiftly [1]
The results reveal the mechanisms of air plasma blood coagulation and wound healing
It may be further confirmed by future studies, focusing on how the atomic oxygen carried by the plasma spray influences each individual cell type; the samples will be single cell type, either red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), or platelets, as well as blood plasma, in order to verify their actual involvement in blood clotting, blood coagulation, and fibrinolysis
Summary
Even from an external hemorrhage, may be life threatening if it is not treated swiftly [1]. Low temperature non-equilibrium air plasma would be better usage of the electron kinetic energy gained from the electromagnetic sources for producing ROS, rather than for heating the plasma effluent. One such plasma generator [11] implements airflow and magnetic field to rotate elongated arc discharges. It functions as a blood coagulator by using atomic oxygen, carried in the plasma effluent to activate erythrocyte-platelet interactions, to stop blood bleeding from external wounds [12].
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