Abstract
Air bubbles that form in water treatment filters create headloss and can form whenever the total dissolved gas pressure exceeds the local solution pressure. The location of potential bubble formation in filters can be predicted based on measurements of the clean bed headloss with depth, flow rate, and the influent total dissolved gas concentration. Bubble formation within filters can be reduced by increasing the pressure within the filter via greater submergence (water head above the media), lower hydraulic flow rate, or using a more porous media. Bubbles trapped in the bed can be released by “burping,” which can reduce the extent of headloss buildup. Burping is more significant at lower flow rates and within a lower density, higher porosity, hydrophobic anthracite layer.
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