Air and hydraulic flow characteristics of polymer amended bentonite based unsaturated GCLs

Abstract

Geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) are used in landfill applications because of their high deformation resistance and excellent self-healing ability. In the present study, air and hydraulic flow characteristics of natural bentonite based GCL (GCL-N) and polymer amended bentonite based GCL (GCL-A) were assessed using air permeability and hydraulic conductivity measurements. The airflow characteristics of GCLs were studied at various apparent degrees of saturation (Sa) and corresponding suction using a custom-designed air permeability test setup. The effect of desiccation on the airflow characteristics of GCL-A was also examined. Further, hydraulic flow characteristics of virgin and desiccated-rehydrated GCLs were assessed using a flexible wall permeameter. The water absorption capacity of GCL-A is relatively higher than GCL-N, irrespective of the stress state. For any chosen Sa, air permeability of GCL-A is lower than GCL-N. Moreover, with the decrease in the suction from 2500 kPa to 1000 kPa, the air permeability of virgin GCL-A has reduced from 9 × 10−12 m2 to 3.57 × 10−16 m2 while the desiccated-rehydrated GCL-A has reduced from 8.86 × 10−11 m2 to 1.9 × 10−13 m2. The hydraulic conductivity of GCL-A is two orders of magnitude less than GCL-N, which shows the better performance of GCL made with amended bentonite.