Abstract
Academic journals1 have existed in the West for several centuries. The earliest appeared in 1665: the Journal des scavans (later, Journal des savants) was first, coming out in France in early January, with the English Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society following only two months later.2 An Italian journal, the Giornale de’ letterati, appeared as early as 1668, the German Acta eruditorum Lipsiensium in Leipzig in 1682, and the Russian Monthly Works (Yejem’yesyatchniya Sotchineniya), published by the Academy of Sciences, some eighty years later in 1755.3 Both of the very early French and British journals mentioned here, interestingly enough, continue (despite the occasional interruption)4 to be published today.
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