AIM2 regulates autophagy to mitigate oxidative stress in aged mice with acute liver injury

Abstract

The cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor, absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), detects cytosolic DNA, activating the inflammasome and resulting in pro-inflammatory cytokine production and pyroptotic cell death. Recent research has illuminated AIM2’s contributions to PANoptosis and host defense. However, the role of AIM2 in acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatoxicity remains enigmatic. In this study, we unveil AIM2’s novel function as a negative regulator in the pathogenesis of APAP-induced liver damage in aged mice, independently of inflammasome activation. AIM2-deficient aged mice exhibited heightened lipid accumulation and hepatic triglycerides in comparison to their wild-type counterparts. Strikingly, AIM2 knockout mice subjected to APAP overdose demonstrated intensified liver injury, compromised mitochondrial stability, exacerbated glutathione depletion, diminished autophagy, and elevated levels of phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Furthermore, our investigation revealed AIM2’s mitochondrial localization; its overexpression in mouse hepatocytes amplified autophagy while dampening JNK phosphorylation. Notably, induction of autophagy through rapamycin administration mitigated serum alanine aminotransferase levels and reduced the necrotic liver area in AIM2-deficient aged mice following APAP overdose. Mechanistically, AIM2 deficiency exacerbated APAP-induced acute liver damage and inflammation in aged mice by intensifying oxidative stress and augmenting the phosphorylation of JNK and ERK. Given its regulatory role in autophagy and lipid peroxidation, AIM2 emerges as a promising therapeutic target for age-related acute liver damage treatment.