Abstract
Three four-coordinate NHC(N-heterocyclic carbene)-Cu(I) complexes, denoted as P1, P2, and P3, have been synthesized and thoroughly characterized, each featuring unique substituents on the NHC ligand. Notably, P1, P2, and P3 exhibit aggregation-induced emission (AIE) behavior, with their solid forms displaying diverse phosphorescent properties. Additionally, the solid-state phosphorescence of these complexes can be modulated by external mechanical stimuli. Remarkably, P2 and P3 demonstrate reversible hypsochromic mechanochromic phosphorescence (MCP) responses, whereas P1 displays reversible bathochromic MCP characteristics. The observed MCP phenomena in P1 and P2 are primarily attributed to the disruption of C–H⋅⋅⋅F hydrogen bonds caused by mechanical grinding. This claim is supported by X-ray single-crystal analysis and FT-IR spectroscopy.
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