Abstract

tious Disease Research Institute in Seattle, Wash, worked with the Corixa Corporation, now GlaxoSmithKline, to develop the first candidate vaccine for leishmaniasis, which sickens about 2 million a year, including 500 000 who contract the potentially fatal visceral form. Phase 1 clinical trials have been completed in Peru and Brazil; additional trials are under way in India, Sudan, and Venezuela. TheDNDI is anotherexampleof such partnerships.WithinternationalpharmaceuticalmakerSanofi-AventisandtheBraziliangovernment instituteFarmanguinhos, now Fiocruz, the DNDI in the last 2 years has ushered in 2 new artesunate combination treatments for malaria. With field support from MSF, the DNDI also supported clinical trials on the eflornithine-nifurtimox combination for sleeping sickness. Pecoul said the DNDI is beginning a phase 1 clinical trial of the antifungal fexinidazole, an oral treatment. “We need to have a very simple treatment to change the dynamic of control of sleeping sickness,” he noted. In addition, the DNDI is working on development of a pediatric formulation of benznidazole for Chagas disease and ways to combine existing medications for more effective treatment of visceral leishmaniasis. “The next step for us is to continue to strengthen the portfolio and make progress,” said Pecoul.

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