Abstract
The picornavirus Aichi virus (AiV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus that causes acute gastroenteritis symptoms, such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever. Antiviral host defense involves the fast response of type I interferon (IFN) and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines against pathogens. However, the intestinal inflammatory and antiviral response to AiV infection is poorly understood. This study evaluated the antiviral activity of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), which form a single-cell layer separating the bowel wall from pathogens. Isolated primary mouse IECs were subjected to AiV infection and virion production, inducing the mRNA expression of type I/type III IFNs and inflammatory cytokines. The mechanism involved induced the expression of phospho-IFN regulatory factor 3 and mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein of type I IFN signaling. These findings were also observed in AiV-infected human colon carcinoma cells. In summary, a viral productive and pathogenic infection of AiV in primary murine IECs is validated.
Highlights
Gastroenteritis refers to inflammation of the stomach comprising both small and large intestines.Viral gastroenteritis is caused by several viruses, such as rotaviruses, noroviruses, adenoviruses types40 and 41, sapovirus, astroviruses, parechovirus, cosavirus, saffold virus and salivirus, and Aichi virus (AiV) [1,2]
Interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) is a crucial regulator of type I IFN against pathogenic infection, which activates IRF7 by triggering signaling cascades from pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize pathogenic nucleic acids [18]
IRF7 is a crucial regulator of type I IFN against pathogenic infection and the tripartite motif-containing protein (TRIM) family plays important roles in innate immunity; they are inducible by LPS and poly(I:C) stimulation [21]
Summary
Gastroenteritis refers to inflammation of the stomach comprising both small and large intestines.Viral gastroenteritis is caused by several viruses, such as rotaviruses, noroviruses, adenoviruses types40 and 41, sapovirus, astroviruses, parechovirus, cosavirus, saffold virus and salivirus, and Aichi virus (AiV) [1,2]. Gastroenteritis refers to inflammation of the stomach comprising both small and large intestines. Viral gastroenteritis is caused by several viruses, such as rotaviruses, noroviruses, adenoviruses types. 40 and 41, sapovirus, astroviruses, parechovirus, cosavirus, saffold virus and salivirus, and Aichi virus (AiV) [1,2]. AiV is a non-enveloped, small round virus of about 30 nm in diameter, belonging to the Kobuvirus genus of the Picornaviridae family. Other kobuviruses members including sheep, bovine, porcine, murine, and canine kobuvirus have been identified [7,8]. Phylogenetic analyses revealed multiple cross-species transmission of kobuviruses both within and among mammalian species, which may cause sustained threat to public health [9]
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