AI powered IoT based Real-Time Air Pollution Monitoring and Forecasting

Abstract

Air is one of the most fundamental constituents for the sustenance of life on earth. The consumption of non-renewable energy sources and industrial parameters steadily increases air pollution. These factors affect the welfare and prosperity of life on earth; therefore, the nature of Air Quality in our environment needs to be monitored continuously. This paper presents the execution and plan of Internet-of-Things (IoT) based Air Pollution Monitoring and Forecasting utilising Artificial Intelligent (AI) methods. Also, Online Dashboard was created for real-time monitoring of Air pollutants (both live and forecasted data) through ‘firebase’ from the Google cloud server. The air pollutants like Carbon Mono Oxide (CO), Ammonia (NH3), and Ozone (O3) layer information are collected from IoT-based sensor nodes in Vijayawada Region. Time Series modelling techniques like the Naive Bayes Model, Auto Regression Model (AR), Auto Regression Moving Average Model (ARMA), and Auto-Regression Integrating Moving Average Model (ARIMA) used to forecast the individual air pollutants aforementioned. The data collected from the IoT sensor node with a time frame is fed as input features for training the model, and optimised model parameters are obtained. The obtained model parameters are again verified with new unseen data for time. The performances of various Time Series models are validated with the help of performance indices like Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The machine learning algorithm flashed in Raspberry Pi-3. It acts as an edge computing device. The current air pollutants data and forecasted data are monitored for the next 4 hours through an online dashboard created in an open-source firebase from Google cloud service.