Agrophysical properties of the soil depending on the crops of the grassland crop rotation

Abstract

The agrophysical condition of the soil is important for the successful development of agricultural production. The purpose of the study is to study the influence of grassland crop rotation crops on the agrophysical, biological properties of soil fertility and crop productivity in the forest-steppe zone of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. The research was carried out in the field stationary crop rotation of the NCMPARI VSC RAS in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the RNO-A. It was found that at the beginning of the growing season, the lumpy fraction under crop rotation crops varied from 13.34% to 49.45%, in the macrostructure – from 48.42% to 81.77%, on an aggregate 0.25 mm thick – from 1.77% to 7.99%. By the end of the growing season, the proportion of the silt fraction under winter wheat decreased from 8.01% to 1.09%. The structural coefficient ranged from 2.22% (corn) to 2.49% (oats + clover). Surveys have shown that the studied soil has a good structure, since it contains from 46.0% to 66.2% of water-bearing aggregates. On crops of oats + clover (on average 0-30 cm of soil layer), the soil density was 0.95 g/cm3 at the beginning of the growing season, 1.19 g/cm3 during the period of intensive growth, 1.22 g/cm3 at the end of the growing season. This tendency is evident in all crops of crop rotation. It should be noted that rotation grass links are more productive, where food units harvesting (14.49 t/ha) exceeds the indicators of the tilled crop link (13.4 t/ha). In general, the energy value of the grassland link of the crop rotation turned out to be 206.62 MJ more than the tilled one, and amounted to 245.08 MJ/ha.